Cook the penne pasta according to package instructions until al dente. Drain and set aside, reserving a bit of the pasta water.
In a large skillet, heat olive oil over medium heat. Add minced garlic and sauté until fragrant, about 1 minute.
Add the shrimp to the skillet, season with salt, pepper, and red pepper flakes, and cook until they turn pink and opaque, about 2-3 minutes per side.
Stir in the chopped sun-dried tomatoes and cook for an additional 2 minutes to warm them through.
Pour in the heavy cream and bring to a gentle simmer, stirring frequently to combine.
Add the grated Parmesan cheese, stirring until melted and well combined with the cream, forming a smooth sauce.
Toss in the cooked penne, mixing until the pasta is well-coated in the sauce. If too thick, add reserved pasta water a little at a time until desired consistency is reached.
Check for seasoning, adjusting salt and pepper as needed. Remove from heat and garnish with fresh basil before serving.